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The cooling system consists of the radiator, water pump,
thermostat, fan, hoses, belts, and the coolant itself. There are
accessories to this as well. The heater uses a portion of the cooling
system to obtain heat for the interior and for the windshield
defrosters. Some cars also use a portion of the cooling system to
heat parts of the fuel system, and to cool the transmission oil.
There are so many problems possible with a cooling system it is
nearly impossible to list them all, but with a few simple maintenance
procedures, trouble can be avoided almost in it's entirety.
Keep the system full of a 50% solution of antifreeze and clean
water, change it every 2 years, along with the thermostat and radiator
cap, and replace belts & hoses every 4 years. Unless you have the
habit of following salt trucks too closely, (corroding your radiator
prematurely), your cooling system should serve for many years, 10 or
more in many cases. Neglect all of these, and count yourself lucky to
get 3 years of passable service.
Of course, some cars will run fine for a lot longer than others,
while never having had any of these things replaced, it is usually a
function of heat. A vehicle that never takes long road trips, is
driven only slowly on local roads on short trips doesn't develope the
heat of a heavily loaded vehicle, or one pulling a trailer. Some
vehicles have higher quality components installed at the factory than
others, and this can have quite an effect on how long some of these
parts last.
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